سنڌي ورچوئل لائبرري

The personal pronouns are, आं آن, आंऊँ آنئُون, or माँ مان, ‘I’.

78. The Demonstrative Pronouns, ही هِي, हे يو, हिउ هِئُه, ‘this’ and हू هُو, हो هو, ‘that’ are, as in Hindostani, used for the 3^rd Personal Pronouns.
79. The Proximate Demonstrative.

ही هِي, हे هي, हिउ[6]هِئُه  ‘He’, ‘she’, ‘it’, ‘this’.

80. The Remote Demonstrative.

हू هُو, हो هو, ‘we’[7], ‘she’, ‘it’, ‘that’

81. The Proximate Demonstrative with emphasis or indication.

इहो[8]  اِهو‘This Very’.

82. The Remote Demonstrative with emphasis or indication.

उहो[10]  اُهو‘that very’, ‘the same’.

83. इझो اِجهو, and उझोاُجهو ‘this and that one present’ have a peculiar force and meaning, and are sometimes used quite adverbially; as, इझो वेठो आहे اِجھو ويٺو آهي, ‘he (the person asked for and who is at the same time pointed out) is sitting here’; इझो थो अचां اِجھو ٿو اچان, ‘I am coming in a moment’. They are used only in the nominative case, making fem. sin. इझा اِجھا, and उझा اُجھا, and mas. and fem. plu. इझे اِجھي, and उझे اُجھي.
84. The Relative

जो جو, ‘who’, ‘what’.

85. The Correlative:

सो[12]  سو‘that’, ‘he’.

86. Interrogative.

केरु  ڪيرُ, ‘who’, ‘what’.

केहरो[15]ڪيهرو  ‘what’, ‘which’.

किहड़ोڪِهڙو , ‘What kind of’, and कुजा॒ड़ो[16]  ڪُڄاڙو, ‘what’, are declined after the same manner as केहरो ڪيهرو.

छा[17]  ڇا‘what, has no change for gender, number or case.

कोहु  ڪوهُه‘what’, ‘why’, is also indeclinable.

87. Indefinites.

को  ڪو‘any one’, ‘some one’.

जेको  جيڪو‘whoever’.

जेकोको جيڪوڪو, ‘whoever’, ‘whosever’.

की ڪِي, ‘something’, ‘somewhat’ , and जेकी جيڪِي, or जेकीकी جيڪِيڪِي, ‘whatever’, are indeclinable.[20]

88. The reflective, or reciprocal, पाणپاڻ , ‘self’, ‘own’[21] makes it genitive पँहँजो پنهنجو, or पांहँजो[22] پانهنجوand for the other cases the usual propositions are affixed to पाण پاڻ, as पाण खे پاڻ کي &c. The plural is the same as the singular[23]. घुरि ڌُرِ, ‘in person’, is ideclinable, as धुरि हैदिराबादि खां आयो ڌُرِ حيدِرآباد کان آيو, ‘he has come from Hyderabad itself’, i. e. not from the precints of it merely.

PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVES

89. Among these are

And मिड़्योईمِڙيوئي  after the same manner.

[1] Used with its singular inflections as given, मँहिजोمنهِجو , मां खेمان کي  &c. chiefly by Shikarpuris.

[2] Or by some मुंहिजोمُنهِجو  and  मूं जोمون جو . For the declensions use of जोجو  See Para. 166.

[3] Our Possessive Pronouns are expressed, as in Hindustani, by the genitive of the Personal Pronouns.

[4] असांहि जो-खेاسان جو- کي  &c. are also used.

[5] Or by some तुंहिजोتُنهِجو  and तो जोتو جو .

[6] ईاِي , एاٖي  and इउاِئُه , are also used, chiefly in Lar; as, too ऊاُو  and ओاو , for the remote demonstrative. There are inflected throughout as above, the initial हीهِي , and हु هُه, is being merely changed to इاِ  and उاُ .

[7] There seems a mistake- this should be ‘he’ instead of ‘we’ (Editor).

[8] Also ईहोاِيهو , and ऊहोاُوهو , and by some इओاِهو  and उओاُهو .

[9] With the emphatic ईئِي , इहोईاِهو ئي  and उहोईاُهو ئي  ‘the very same’, ‘that exact person’.

[10]Also ईहोاِيهو , and ऊहोاُوهو , and by some इओاِهو  and उओاُهو .

[11] Also जिननिجِننِ  and जिन्हनिجنهنِ .

[12] सोسو  is used in the second clause of a sentence, in which the relative जोجو  has gone before, as जो आयो, सो विओجي آيو، سو وِيو  ‘he has gone who came’; or literally ‘who came, he has gone’; जँहिँ माण्हुअ खे हुन मार्यो, सो मुओجنهن ماڻهُئَه کي هُن ماريو، سو مُئو  ‘The man he struck, is dead’. The same construction as regards the relative and its antecedent, is occasionally found in the classics.

“Qui fit, Maecenas, ut nemo, quam sibi sortem

“Seu ratio dederit, seu fors objecerit, illa

“Contentus vivat.”                   Horace Sat. I. I.

“Urem quam statuo, vestra est.                Virg. Aen I. 573.

[13] Also तिननिتِننِ  and तिन्हनिتِنهنِ .

[14] also किननिڪِننِ  and किन्हनिڪِنهنِ .

[15] किहरोڪِهرو  and केर्होڪيرهو  and in Lar केओڪيئو , are also in used.

[16] Used in Lar, or the South of Sindh.

[17] छोڇو , छा खांڇا کان , छा काणिڇا ڪاڻِ , छा काणे  ڇا ڪاڻي&c. ‘for what’ or ‘why’.

[18] कोईڪوئِي , fem. काईڪائِي , is also used.

[19] जोकोجوڪو  (fem, जाकाجاڪا ) is analytically more correct, and is sometimes found, though but rarely.

[20] The Indefinite Pronouns कोڪو  and कीڪِي  are often in negation reduplicated after the negative, being then frequently redundant after the manner of “at all” in English; as, कोनको आयोڪو نه ڪو آيو , ‘No one has come’, or हू कोनको आयोهو ڪو نه ڪو آيو , ‘he has not come at all’; जाल कानका वेईجال ڪا نه ڪا ويئي  ‘no woman has gone at all’; कीनकी अथमिڪِينڪِي اٿمِ  ‘I possess nothing whatever’;  ही कमु कीनकी कंदुसिهي ڪمُ ڪينڪِي ڪندُسِ  ‘I will not do this thing at all’. And where आहेآهي  is used, it is generally connected with the negative; thus, कोन्हेकोڪونهي ڪو , कीन्हेकीڪينهيڪي  &c.

[21] पाणپاڻ  after the manner of the Persian خود and Hindustani آپ, refers to the agent of the principal verb in the sentence, of whatever person it may be, for the repetition of which it would be incorrect to employ any of the personal pronouns; as, आं वँहँजे घरि थो वञांآن ونهنجي گھرِ ٿو وڃان , ‘I am going to my house’; हू वँहँजे घरि थो वञेهُو ونهنجي گھرِ ٿو وڃي  ‘He goes to his house’; तूं वञु वँहँजे घरिتُون وڃُ ونهنجي گھرِ , ‘Go you to your house’, or where no agent is immediately expressed, it points out individually or exclusiveness, in contradistinction to what is foreign or another’s; thus, in हे पँहँजे मालु आहेهي پنهنجي مالُ آهي , any of three persons may be referred to, discoverable from some words, or the manner in which the sentence is put; सांईं, पँहँजो घोड़ो आण्यां?سائين، پنهنجو گھوڙو آڻيان؟   ‘Sir, may I bring your horse’ (or ‘our’, as spoken by one of the same household)? In contradistinction to the horse of another person; or ‘my horse’, if speaking of himself.

[22] पां जोپان جو  is also used in  Lar.

[23] पिंडिپِنڊِ  is used in Southern Sindh, and in Cutch. It is declined पिंड जोپِنڊ جو , पिंड खेپِنڊ کي  &c.

[24] बि॒ओ ٻئو makes its fem. बी॒ٻِي . सभुٻي  has for its nom. fem. and obl. mas. and fem. of the singular number सभسڀ , and for its nom. plural in both genders सभिسڀِ , with the oblique सभिनिسڀِنِ , सभनिسڀنِ , सभिनिनिسڀِنِنِ  or सभिननिسڀِنن ِ. These last may, when the noun is expressed, be contracted to सभिسڀِ , सभोईسڀوئِي  is declined thus:-