سنڌي ورچوئل لائبرري

61. The Cardinal Numbers are,

62. From 100 to 1000, the numbers are formed either by, as in English, affixing the lesser number to the hundreds, as हिकु सउ हिकु هِڪُ سؤ هِڪُ, 101, सउड॒ह سؤ ڏهه, 110, or by prefixing it in either of the two following methods:

63. The lesser numbers prefixed as above in the first series, are considered as adjectives and agree with the nouns following them. When, therefore, more than one hundred is spoken of, the ओ او, of एकोايڪو , बि॒ड़ोٻِڙو , &c. takes the plural form of आ آ; as, एका पंज सा ايڪا پنج سا, ‘five hundred and one’, or ‘one exceeding five hundred’[4].
64. हिकु هِڪُ, and हिकिड़ो هِڪِڙو, admit of gender, and are declined as adjectives of the 5^th and 7^th declensions respectively. बर्खु برکُ, and बर्खत برکت, have no change for gender, and are indeclinable. The others, considered as adjectives, are inflected only in the Plural; thus:

and so on, adding नि نِ, to such numbers as terminate in the short voawel sound अ اَ, but in those ending in इ اِ, and ए اٖي, no change takes place. असी اسِي, and those derived from it, have इअ اِئَه, the singular form; as, असिअ घरनि खे اسِيءَ گھرن کي, ‘to 80 houses’; and such as terminate in उ اُ, change it to अनि انِ. पंध्रां پنڌران, makes पंध्रनि پنڌرنِ. none of these admit of change for gender.

65. Where those cardinal numbers, which take नि نِ, in the oblique, precede collective numbers, or nouns, having the oblique plural in एं[5] اٖين, they also drop the नि نِ, and take themselves a like form; as, पंजें सवें खे پنجين سوٖين کي, or पंजनि सवनि खे پنجنِ سوَنِ کي, ‘to five hundreds’; चएं[6] हजारें सां چئين هزارين سان, or चइनि हजारनि सां چئنِ هزرنِ سان, ‘with four thousands’; सतें घोड़े खे ستين گھوڙي کي, or सतनि घोड़नि खे ستنِ گھوڙنِ کي, ‘to seven horses’.[7]
66. To express the name of a figure or number ओ او, may be subjoined to the cardinal numbers as given above, which in some instances causes a slight change in their terminations; thus:

These are declined as nouns of the 9^th declension; as, पंजनि चौंकनि खां पोइ ब॒ अठा लिखु پنجن چؤنڪن کان پوءِ به اٺا لِکُ, ‘after five sixes write two eights’.

67. The cardinal numbers are often used as collective numbers, and as such are declined, where ending in अ اَ, as of the 1^st declension of Substantives; when terminating in इ اِ, as of the 3^rd; in ई اِي, as of the 5^th; and in उ اُ, as of the 6^th; as, ब॒ सव[8] ٻه سوَ, ‘two hundreds’, (هزار छ हजार ڇَ هجار), ‘six thousands’, ट्रिनि अस्युनि खे ٽِنِ اسيُنِ کي, ‘to three eighties’, ड॒ह सठ्यूं ڏهه سٺيُون , ‘ten sixties’, पंज वीहूं پنج وِيهُون, ‘five twenties or scores’. नवे نوٖي, makes nom: plural नवेऊं نوٖيئُون, and oblique plural नवेउनि نوٖيئُنِ.
68. चौकुچؤڪُ ‘four’, कोड़ी ڪوڙِي, ‘score’, ड॒हाको ڏهاڪو, ‘ten’, and सैकिड़ो سيڪِڙو, ‘a hundred’, are also collective numbers. The last referring to interest takes the place of four cent; as, हजारु रुपया ट्रीं रुपएं सेकिड़े डि॒नमि هزار روپيا ٽِين روپئي سيڪڙي ڏِنمِ, ‘I lent 1,000 Rupees at three per cent’.[9]
69. The emphatic affix ई اِي, when used with the cardinal numbers (absorbing the short vowel, and sometimes making other changes), gives them the signification of intensity or completeness; as ब॒ई ٻئي, or बे॒ई ٻيئي, ‘both’; बि॒न्हीं खे ‘to both’, टेई ٽيئي, ‘all three’; टिन्हीं खे [10]ٽِنهي کي, ‘to all three’; चारेई چاريئي, ‘all four’, चइनीं खेچئنِين کي ‘to all four’, पंजईپنجئي ‘all five’, पंजनीं खेپنجنِين کي  ‘to all five’, and so on.
70. The Sindhi possesses for some of its decimal numbers a form expressing indefiniteness; thus:

These may be either used as Substantives, and declined accordingly; as, वीहारो जालुनि आयो وِيهارو جالُنِ (زالن) آيو, ‘about a score of women came’; ब॒ वीहारो जालुनि जा दफा करे आया ٻه وِيهارو جالُن جا دڦا (دفعا) ڪري آيا, ‘two sets of women of about twenty each came’ or they may be considered indeclinable adjectives; thus, वीहारो जालूं आयूं हूंद्यूंوِيهارو جالُون آيُون هونديُون, ‘About twenty women may have come[1]’.

ORDINAL NUMBERS

71. The Ordinals proceed thus:

And so on regularly as regards such cardinals as end in a short vowel, changing it into ओं اون, for the masculine, and ई اِي, for the feminine; पंध्रां پنڌران, makes पंध्रों پنڌرون, असी اسِي, असिओं اسِيون, नवे نوٖي, नवेओं نوٖيئون, and नविओं نوِئون, सउ سئُه, सव्यों سويون, सुओं سُئون, or सैओं سيئون, fem: सवींسوِين  or सउईسئُئِي ; नँवँ نَنۡوَن, has नांओं نانئون. These are declined as adjectives of the seventh declension.

PROPORTIONALS AND REDUPLICATIVES

72. Proportionals and Reduplicatives are formed thus:

These too are subject to gender and number as adjectives of the 7^th Declension[11].

73. Our English ‘once’, ‘twice’, and ‘thrice’ are expressed by हेकर هيڪر, बि॒हर ٻيهر, or टिहर ٽيهر, or टिहार ٽِهار.

FRACTIONAL NUMBERS

74. These are much the same in Hindustani. Some are used as substantives and declined as such; as,

75. And some as adjectives; as:

These agree in gender number and case with the substantives they precede, and are declined after the same manner as adjectives of similar terminations. डे॒ढु ڏيڍُ, is used only in the singular, having डे॒ढ ڏيڍ, for its feminine in both nominative and oblique, and साढा ساڍا, and अढाई[13] اڍائي, which are plurals of the 7^th and 4^th declensions only in the plural.

[1] हेकुهيڪُ  and हेकिड़ोهيڪِڙو  are also used.

[2] बर्खुبرکُ  and बर्खतبرکت  from برکت ‘blessing’, ‘abundance’, are only used commencing a series in counting, and never as adjectives.

Editor’s Note: Captain Stack has used the sign of ţr ٽر for ţ ٽ according to the dialect of the speaker, who probably belonged to Upper Sindh. In the current alphabet the letter ٽ (ţ) represents both the sounds and there is no distinction made in the two sounds (in writing).

[3] With the final हهه  of this, and of the series springing from it, उاُ  is sometimes used; as पंजाहुپنجاهه  &c.

[4] These are seldom used in the oblique ease, which is usually formed with the lesser number following the greater; as, सउ पंध्रनि रुपयनि सां खचरि गि॒ध्यमिسؤ پندرهن رُپين سان خچر ڳِڌيمِ  ‘I bought the mule for 115 Rupees’.

[5] See before Para: 45.

[6] Collective numbers are often used in this contracted form of the plural oblique without a preposition, to express indefiniteness; thus, वीहें आयाوِيهين آيا , ‘They came in scores’; सवें मुआسوين مُئا , ‘they died by hundreds’.

[7] In बि॒निٻِنِ , टिनिٽِنِ  and चइनिچئِنِ  the निنِ  is dropped, and instead of using एंئين , the final vowel is lengthened, thus making बीं॒ٻِين , टींٽِين  and चईंچئِين , but चएंچئين  too, is sometimes used.

[8] सउسئُه  has also सा سا  for its nominative plural, and in the oblique plural सानिسانِ  or सवनिسوَنِ . The latter may be contracted to either सवेंسوين , or सँएंسنئين .

[9] The amount cent is also commonly expressed thus, चौआनो सउچؤ آنو سَئُه  ‘one quarter rupee cent’, अधोतिरो सउاڌوتِرو سؤ  ‘1/2 cent’, टिपाण्योٽِپاڻيو  ‘3/4 cent’, एकोतिरोايڪوتِرو  ‘one cent’, डे॒ढोतिरोڏيڍوتِرو  ‘1/2 cent’, पौणबि॒रोतिरोپوڻِٻِروتِرو  ‘1/3 cent’, बि॒रोतिरोٻروترو  ‘2 cent’, and so on. These have gender and declension as adjectives, agreeing with interest, which is generally understood. If a feminine substantive, as मितीمِتِي , be used for it, they take of course the feminine forms.

[10] बि॒न्हिनिٻِنهِنِ  or बि॒न्हिनीٻِنهِنِي  and टिन्हिनीٽِنهِنِي , are also used.

[11] From these a noun is also formed by changing णोڻو  to णिڻِ  or णाईڻائِي , as बी॒णिٻِيڻي  or बी॒णाईٻِيڻائِي , ‘the double’, ‘doubling’. Many persons pronounce the terminating vowel of these Proportionals as if ऊاُو . See before, note to Para, 49.

[12] From some of these another adjective is formed, implying ‘computed at such and such a rate’; thus  सवायोسوايو  ‘computed at one quarter more’, डे॒ढो  ڏيڍو‘at one half more’, अढायोاڍايو  ‘at two and a half’.

[13] अढाईاڍائِي  has, however, no change for nominative feminine, and makes its oblique masculine अढाइनिاڍائِنِ  अढायनिاڍايَنِ , too, has for its oblique plural masculine सवाइनिسوائِنِ  or सवायनिسوايَنِ , and feminine सवाइनिسوائِنِ  or सवायुनिسوايُنِ ; as, सवाइनि पंजनि रुपयनि सांسوائِنِ پنجنِ رُپينِ سان , or contracting निنِ  to एंاٖين , सवाएं पंजें रुपएं सांسوائين پنجين رُپئين  ‘with 5-1/4 rupees’. But it is more generally used without being inflected; thus, सवा पंजनि रुपयनि सांسوا پنجنِ رُپينِ سان .