سنڌي ورچوئل لائبرري

Adjectives have Gender, Number, and Case and agree in these with the Substantives to which they relate[1]. They possess also the same variations in inflection as substantives, and may be divided into seven declenstions, corresponding with those declensions of substantives that have the same terminations.

49. the following table shows the alterations that occur in the terminations of adjectives for the different inflections in each declension.

To be inflected, as आंउं तुंहिजे आहिर आंह्यां آنئُون تُنهِجي آهِر آنهيان, ‘I am in subjection to you (or your servant)’; हो हिन जाल जे वसि आहे هو هِن جال جي وسِ آهي, ‘He is in love with (or enamoured of) that woman’; हिउ माड़्हूं मीर जिअ साम आहे هيءُ ماڙهُون مِير جيءَ سام آهي, ‘This person is under the protection of the Meer.’

50. The नि نِ of oblique plural, is often elliptically shortened to एं اٖين when used before substantives also so contracted (see before Para. 45); as, गरीबें छोकिरें खे گرِيبين ڇوڪِرٖين کي, ‘to poor boys’.
51. Adjectives take the oblique inflection when used with substantives placed in any of the different cases formed from the oblique, but, instead of its plural and the plural vocative, their singular form is generally used if the substantive, to which they refer, be expressed and immediately follows; as, चङे मुर्सनि खे چڱي مُرسنِ کي, for चङनि मुर्सनि खेچڱنِ مُرسنِ کي , for , ‘to good men’; शाहूकार माण्हुनि खेشاهُوڪار ماڻۡهُنِ کي for शाहूकारनि माण्हुनि खे شاهُوڪارنِ ماڻهُنِ کي, ‘To rich men’; ए शर्माऊ औरतोاٖي شرمائُو عورتو for ए शर्माउओ औरतो اٖي شرمائُئو عورتو, ‘O modest women’.
52. In the 4th and 6th declensions, when the substantive is expressed and immediately follows, the adjective sometimes remains uninflected; as, सिंधी माण्हुअ खे سنڌِي ماڻهُوءَ کي, or सिंधिअ माण्हुअ खे سنڌِيءَ ماڻهُئه کي, of Sindh’‘a man; शर्माऊ जालुनि खे شرمائُو جالُنِ کي, or शर्माउनि जालुनि खे شرمائُنِ جالُنِ کي, ‘to modest women’.
53. the feminine forms, याणी ياڻِي, इणी اِڻِي and इणि اِڻِ, given in some of the declensions, are only used with adjectives implying some quality of man, or of things that have life, as पेटोलिणि پيٽولِڻِ, or पेटोल्याणीپيٽولياڻِي , (or पटोलिणी پٽولِڻِي) जाल جال ‘a gluttonous woman’, गरीबिणि (or गरीबिणी گرِيبِڻِي or गरीब्याणी گرِيبياڻِي) घोड़ीگرِيبِڻِ گھوڙِي  ‘a quiet mare’.
54. When the termination यो يو follows a quiescent consonant, the feminine change यो يو, to ई اِي; as वँह्यो ونهيو, ‘wealthy’, fem: वँही ونهِي; सागि॒यो ساڳيو, ‘that very’, सागी॒[5] ساڳي.
55. When adjectives of the 7^th declension are used with the emphatic affix ई اِي, subjoined to them, they take याई يائِي, in the feminine; as, रुख्याई मानी थो खाए رُکيائِي مانِي ٿو کائي, ‘he eats quite dry bread’; from रुखो رُکو, ‘dry’. The inflected cases are however regular.
56. Some of the 5^th declension make their feminine in अ اَ, as well as इ اِ; as शोखु شوکُ (شوخُ), ‘impudent’, fem: शोख شوک, or शोखि شوکِ; बेवाहु بيواهُه, ‘protectorless’, fem: बेवाह بيواهه, or बेवाहिبيواهِه .
57. When आ آ precedes the ओ اَو, terminating adjectives of the 7^th declension, it generally changes the आ آ, which would follow it in the vocative singular and nominative plural to वा وا, and the अ اَ, of the oblique and nominative plural to वा وا, and the अ اَ, of the oblique plural to व و; as, सणावा वाव था वहनि سڻاوا واوَ ٿا وهنِ, ‘favorable breezes blow’.[6] Sometimes, however, use the regular form, सणाआ वाअ سڻائا واءَ.
58. Some adjectives (chiefly those of foreign derivation) have no change for gender, number or case; as, राजी راجِي (راضِي), ‘content’, गोलु گولُ, ‘round, साफु صافُ, ‘clean’, सहजु سهجُ, ‘easy’, मालिमु مالِمُ, ‘known’, ड॒धि ڏگھِه, ‘incorrect’, सुधि سُڌِ ‘correct’, सफाصفا ‘clean’, फां[7] ڦان, ‘wearied’, धार ڌار, ‘separate’, &c.
59. The following examples are given to illustrate the above Table.

1^st. DECLENSION

सखर سکر , ‘Well’, ‘Good’.

2^nd. DECLENSION.

डा॒ता ڏاتا , ‘Generous’.

3^rd DECLENSION

चौरसि چورسِ , ‘Square’.

4^th DECLENSION

सिंधी سِنڌِي ‘Of Sindh’.

5^th DECLENSION

गरीबु گرِيبُ , ‘Poor’.

6^th. DECLENSION

शर्माऊ شرمائُو, ‘Modest’

7^th DECLENSION

चङो چڱو, ‘Good’

OF COMPARISON.

60. The adjective in Sindhi has no variation of form for expressing our degrees of Comparison. The Comparative and Superltive are represented by putting the object or objects, with which another is compared, in the oblique, and adding for the Comparative the prepositions खांکان , खोکون , खूंکُون , खँउंکنئُن , आंآن , ओंاون , ऊंاُون  or अँउं اَنئُن , which will then have the significations of ‘than’ or for the Superlative any of these prepositions, or also मांمان , मंझांمنجھان , मोंمون , मंझोंمنجھون  &c. which according to our idiom should then be translated ‘of’, as हिउ माण्हूं हुन खों चङो आहे هيءُ ماڻهو هُن کون چڱو آهي, ‘This man is better than that’; हिउ माण्हूं सभिनि खां चङो आहे هيءُ ماڻهو سڀِنِ کان چڱو آهي, ‘This man is the best of all.

[1] Should खेکي , however, intervene between the adjective and the noun it qualifies, the adjective remains uninflected; as, बां॒भणनि खे चङो समुझांईंٻانڀڻنِ کي چڱو سمُجھانئِين , ‘He thought the Brahmins good’; शयुनि खे सहांगो डि॒संदो, त गि॒न्हंदोشيُنِ کي سهانگو ڏسندو، ته ڳِنهدو , ‘If he see the things cheap, he will buy’. A discriminative noun, too, placed in the same position, follows the same rule; as, हुननि चइनि खे हिन वाण्यो जा॒तोهُننِ چئنِ کي هِن واڻيو ڄاتو , ‘He thought those four were Hindoos.’ Where several nouns of different genders, joined by a copulative conjunction, are followed by an adjective, the adjective, should the nouns be names of animate objects, takes the plural masculine; if of inanimate, it generally agrees with the last of them.

[2] When this ओاو  is preceded by णڻ  and occasionally too by other consonants, it is often pronounced as ऊاُو , but the declension of the word remains unchanged.

[3] Also याणी ياڻي and इणीاِڻي, which are inflected throughout as other feminine terminations in ईاِي .

[4] इणिاِڻ  too is sometimes met with, as शर्माइणि जालشرمائڻ زال  ‘a modest woman’, आसाइणि नींगरिآسائڻِ نينگر  ‘a girl full of hopes.’

[5] This यो يو is, however, sometimes written इओاِئو ; as, वँहिओونهِئو . In forming the feminine the short vowel of the penultimate is then absorbed by its corresponding long use.

[6] As also in substantives. See before, Para. 44.

[7] There are but few adjectives in Sindhi ending in आآ , and of those the greater number come under this rule.

[8] Also सिंधिणीسِنڌِڻِي  or सिंध्याणीسِنڌياڻِي , which are inflected as other feminines ending in ई.اِي

[9] Also गरीबणिگرِيبڻِ  and गरीब्याणीگريبياڻي , which are inflected as other feminines ending in इاِ  and ईاِي .

[10] See note to para 49.